Creature Comforts

Horse itching, or pruritus, is usually a sign of parasites, allergies, or infection. Early diagnosis and targeted care can reduce scratching, prevent…

Horses can develop serious digestive disorders beyond colic, including diarrhea, ulcers, inflammation, and intestinal blockages. Early recognition and prompt veterinary care are…

Esophageal diverticula are uncommon pouch-like outpouchings of the esophagus that can disrupt swallowing in dogs and cats. They may cause regurgitation, dysphagia,…

A pre-purchase exam helps horse buyers assess health, soundness, and suitability before committing to a purchase. Learn what the exam covers, how…

Esophageal obstructions are a serious emergency in dogs and cats when swallowed objects get stuck in the esophagus. Early recognition, prompt veterinary…

Congenital and developmental dental anomalies can affect a horse’s eating, growth, and comfort from birth. Learn how to spot common jaw, tooth,…

Perennial ryegrass toxicosis, or ryegrass staggers, is a neurological disease caused by endophyte fungal toxins in pasture grasses. It affects sheep, cattle,…

Equine coital exanthema (ECE) is a contagious genital herpesvirus infection in horses caused by EHV-3. It can disrupt breeding, but cases are…

Abortion in horses can result from infectious disease, nutrition issues, twinning, trauma, or fetal defects. Early recognition and prompt veterinary care are…

Congenital and inherited cerebral disorders can affect companion animals and livestock through developmental defects, genetic mutations, or in utero injury. This guide…

Pharmacodynamics explains how drugs produce therapeutic and adverse effects in animals. It covers drug-receptor interactions, dose-response relationships, species differences, and how vets…

Estrus synchronization helps goat farmers align heat cycles for more predictable kidding, easier labor planning, and better genetic selection. This guide covers…